CBT is collaborative, goal‑focused, and time‑limited. It typically involves:
- Identifying unhelpful thoughts or beliefs
- Understanding how these thoughts affect emotions and behaviour
- Learning skills to challenge and reframe unhelpful thinking
- Practising new behaviours to break old patterns
- Building coping strategies for future situations
Key components
1. Cognitive strategies
These help clients recognise and shift unhelpful thinking patterns such as catastrophising, black‑and‑white thinking, or self‑criticism. Techniques may include thought records, cognitive restructuring, and identifying core beliefs.
2. Behavioural strategies
These focus on changing actions to influence mood and functioning. Examples include behavioural activation, exposure, problem‑solving, and building healthy routines.
3. Skills development
CBT teaches practical tools such as:
- Emotion regulation
- Stress management
- Grounding and relaxation
- Communication and assertiveness skills